The model pictured here represents the core of the IB Diploma Program philosophy. In the IB program, students are required to take courses in each of the subject areas pictured above (English, World Language, Individuals and Societies (Social Sciences), Sciences, Mathematics and Arts/Elective). At the core of the IB philosophy, and therefore, at the core of the model are specific approaches to teaching and learning that focus on critical thinking, communication and international mindedness. These ideas permeate all IB curriculum and are the main focus of the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) course, the Extended Essay (4,000 word original research paper) and Creativity, Action and Service (150 hours of community service) requirement.